目的 探析我国公立医院绩效考核研究现状、热点及演化趋势，助力医院高质量发展。方法 运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3，统计分析2002年—2022年间中国知网(CNKI) 中CSSCI 和核心期刊的499篇有效文献的时序分布、期刊来源、发文作者、机构、高频关键词、突现词等方面，并绘制知识图谱。结果 年发文量跟随政策变动，总体呈现上升趋势，文献发表于55家期刊。研究团队内部合作较为密切，团队之间的联系较为松散。绩效考核、公立医院和绩效管理3个关键词频次最高。研究聚焦于4大主题，历经3个研究阶段。结论 公立医院绩效考核相关研究主题和内容上需逐步拓宽，机构之间应加强合作；研究呈现阶段性和主题聚合性。

Objective To explore the status quo, hot spots, and evolution trends of research on performance appraisal in public hospitals in China in order to promote the high-quality development of hospitals. Methods CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to statistically analyze the temporal distribution, journal source, authors, institutions, high-frequency keywords, and emergent words of 499 valid articles in CSSCI and core journals in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 2002 to 2022. Knowledge maps were also drawn. Results The annual publication volume changed along with the policies, showing an overall upward trend. The articles were published in 55 journals. The cooperation was tight inside research teams but loose among different teams. Performance appraisal, public hospital, and performance management were the top three most frequent keywords. The studies focused on 4 major topics and went through 3 research phases. Conclusions The research topics and content related to performance appraisal in public hospitals should be gradually broadened, and the cooperation among institutions need be strengthened. The currently available studies have covered different phases and showed certain thematic aggregation.